We’ve all had our moments when we nod off in public, eyelids heavy, necks bobbing, our heads finally making a slow nose dive for our chests. But college students have it worse, as daytime sleepiness,
sleep deprivation and irregular sleep schedules are de rigueur— 50 percent report daytime sleepiness and 70 percent attain insufficient sleep, according to a 2014 study published in the Journal of Nature and Science of Sleep.
Although an all-nighter may seem to be an efficient way to study for an exam or meet a project deadline, the facts tell another story. Research has shown that the majority of those who
study all night tend to have lower GPAs than their well-rested peers. Sleep deprivation has other consequences as well, such as increased risk of academic failure, compromised learning, impaired mood, depression, poor judgment,
irritability and increased risk of motor vehicle accidents.
And all-nighters are pervasive amongst students. It seems. According to a study done at an Architecture School in the Midwest, only 4 percent of students obtained at least 7 hours of sleep at night; the average sleep duration was 5.7 hours, with 2.7 all-nighters per month. Eighty-two percent of the college students who took part in the study felt their school performance was impacted by
inadequate sleep. Sleep problems ranked second only to stress in terms of the most likely suspect to derail academic performance.
So what happens to your brain when you skip a night of sleep?
Many experts say that the brain loses efficiency with each hour of sleep deprivation. One of the biggest tolls losing a night of sleep has is on working memory. When we cram, our brains only use short-term memory. But to retain information for any length of time, we need to utilize our long-term memory. Information that comes in quick leaves just as quickly. Too much information too fast doesn’t allow the information to assimilate; instead it gets rapidly extinguished. Sleeping helps both with assimilation and with memory consolidation.
Another problem with studying all night: The brain becomes weary as the day progresses. Our capacity to learn and memorize shines brightest in the morning, which is when peak
cognitive efficiency occurs.
How to optimize your study habits:
Chunk up your studying, rather than doing it all last minute. One approach to try is studying in small chunks (20 to 30 minutes), multiple times per day, three to four days in advance of the test. The repetition of information allows your brain to move those facts to long-term memory, which makes for better—and longer—recall.
But if you do pull an all-nighter, here’s how to help your body and brain recover:
Sleep in. Catch up on sleep by making it up as soon as possible. Go to bed early for a few nights after your all-nighter and let yourself sleep in as late as possible till you naturally wake up.
Nap strategically. A 15-20 minute nap can boost your alertness for several hours after you wake up. Some studies show that
napping may improve certain memory tasks.
Caffeinate carefully. If used with moderation, 400 milligrams or less,
caffeine can help with focus and concentration. But it works better spread through the day in small doses than consuming a large amount at once.
On a general note, college students are prone to several poor sleep habits. They tend to use alcohol before bed, and sometimes even as a sleep aid, which although it can help you fall asleep leads to fragmented sleep in the later part of the night. The takeaway? If you want to sleep better, eschew alcohol.
Secondly, students are prone to abuse
energy drinks, or at least consume regularly, which may interfere with sleep quality. Keeping caffeine intake moderate works best for a regular sleep routine.
Thirdly, technology is a major culprit when it comes to impacting sleep. Computers, tablets and cell phones emit a blue light that can suppress our body’s melatonin levels, delaying our natural inclination towards bedtime. For optimal sleep, it’s smart to power down an hour or two before bed.